Lesson 6: Coming, staying and leaving

The verbs for coming, staying and leaving are ko, na and de.

je manu ko kasa. = A person comes to a house.
ta na kasa. = He/she is at the house.
ta de kasa. = He/she leaves the house.

These verbs refer to places broadly. For example the sentence ta ko kasa (He/she goes to the house.) doesn't specify whether the person goes inside the house or just near to the house. The specific place needs to be told by a separate word, which is added after the object.

ta ko kasa nei. = He/she enters (goes into) the house.
ta na kasa nei. = He/she is in the house.
ta de kasa nei. = He/she exits (goes out of) the house.

The location words are independent words. Alone nei means the interior, the inside of something. Therefore kasa nei means the inside of the house or the house's inside. So word by word na kasa nei means to be in the house's inside, ko kasa nei means to go to the house's inside and de kasa nei means to leave the house's inside.

In the previous lesson you learned the words befo = before, and bada = after. They are used in the same way as nei.

mi ko dukan nei na ti befo. = I go into the shop before you.
ti ko dukan nei na mi bada. = You go into the shop after me.

Here are a few other words for locations: vai = out, supa = above, baso = below, visin = next to, seka = near, tele = far, zami = together, men = surface.

ti-mi ko dukan na zami. = We go to the shop together.
ti kasa na mi kasa tele. = Your house is far away from my house.
je gau na mesa baso. = A god is under the table.
du mau na mesa supa men. = Two cats are on the table.

Verbs of motion and location are used in place of prepositions. The rule is that the first verb in the sentence is the main predicate and the following verbs are prepositional.

mi tshala de kasa ko shu-lin. = I walk from houses to the forest.
mi da je kopa de mesa. = I give a cup from the table.

List of new words that you learned in this lesson

ko to come, to go to; to
na to stay, to be located in; in, at
de to leave, to exit, to go away from; from
nei inside, interior
dukan shop
tshala to walk
da to give

Exercises

Try translating these sentences from English to Pandunia.